Is It Really Just A Boy Thing - 1307 Words

Is it Really Just a Boy Thing? One of the most talked about topics in education is the widening achievement gap between male and female students. It has been debated for more than a decade of why male students are falling behind in the educational system. There is significant evidence to believe that this is a phenomenon. However, there is not a concrete answer as to why male students are lacking academically. This leads to two possible lines of thinking about gender gaps: Either they represent the innate biological differences in males’ and females’ abilities, or they represent the biases of how the school system treats male and female students. Both of these reasons are believed and argued to be the reason in differences academically. According to a 2010 report by the Center on Education Policy, Boys’ academic achievement in reading lacks that of girls. They state that it is, â€Å"one of the most tenacious gender-gap issues that is facing our school systems† (Jennings). Research steadily shows that, on average, women perform stronger in verbal skilled tests than men do. This lag in boys’ reading skills is shown consistently from the early grades through high school. Since the beginning of the National Assessment of Education Progress in the late 1960s, there has always been a gap in reading depending on gender. It is measured at ages nine, thirteen, and seventeen. In a study done in 2004, the gap at fourth grade narrowed to five-point difference in average scores, but thenShow MoreRelatedPersonal Note On Learning And Development1520 Words   |  7 Pagesmyself really as having leadership skills. I used to get anxious over making decisions just for myself. I can remember literally making myse lf sick to my stomach over college and ACT scores during my final year of high school even during my final’s week. Also, while I get along well with people; groups, especially talking in front of them intimidated me deathly. I have one of the best skills for putting my foot in my mouth, which is probably the only reason I learned to think on my feet really wellRead MoreThe Divide Of The Genders1313 Words   |  6 Pagesgirls were. For the past decades, this issue has stuck around. Many argue that boys are still more privileged than girls are. But many facts these days say otherwise. There are many people still that believe that schools are biased towards girls. Many think, â€Å"That girls are treated as the second sex in school and consequently suffer, that boys are accorded privileges and consequently benefit,† so these are usually the things many people seem to presume. So these types of ideas have the schools beingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Boy 814 Words   |  4 Pagesindependently read texts, supported by evidence. Reading Response 4 Title: Boy Director: Taika Waititi Text Type: Film A character that I liked while watching the film was Boy. For an 11 year-old boy, Boy has a fantastic imagination and is always optimistic. From what we see in the movie, Boy has had a difficult life but only when it comes to his parents. Other than that his life is all right. In some ways I can relate to Boy because his father doesn’t live with him and neither does mine, but he isRead MoreMankind: Naturally Good or Evil? Essay example699 Words   |  3 Pageswrestling is just a popular pastime. As a result of loving unreasonable habits such as violence, one might wonder if the nature of mankind is naturally evil or good, but they do not know what to do without adults. Mankind is born naturally evil, however, your surroundings can determine whether or not you stay that way. In regards to this, William Golding’s novel, Lord of the Flies, is a story is told about many guilty boys, however, the boys are very young. In so, many wonder if the boys are naturallyRead MoreThe Darkness Of Light By Ambrose Bierce1178 Words   |  5 Pagespowerful anti-war stories, and fits in with the literary criticism New Historicism. It is about a young boy around the age of 6 years, whose father had fought in the Civil War. We later find out that the young boy is deaf and mute. This, and him being only 6 years of age, causes him to be naà ¯ve about the things he sees in the forest one day when he gets lost. The story starts off with the young boy wandering off from the house he lives at, hoping to find an adventure. He even brought his wooden swordRead MoreEmotion and Story Essay1323 Words   |  6 Pagesa poor family lived in the rotting slum and the boy in this family became a mature person from a childish kid. Because the boy’s father needs to pay his responsibility to his family and the people who he loved, so his rude behavior and act makes his son hate him for a short time. After the boy notice his family’s financial situation, then he realize it’s not easy be an adult to making life run in the society, and you would lose some important things while you are paying responsibility to your familyRead MoreEssay about Symbolism in Battle Royal, by Ralph Ellison806 Words   |  4 Pagesimagined. The harsh conditions that the boys competing in the battle royal must face are phenomenal. At first the boys are ushered into a room where a nude woman is dancing. The whi te men yell at the boys for looking and not looking at the woman. It is as if they are showing them all of the good things being white can bring, and then saying that they aren’t good enough for it since they were black. Next the boys must compete in the battle royal. Blindly the boys savagely beat one another. This is symbolicRead MoreGirls Are Better Than Boys Essay examples718 Words   |  3 PagesWhy girls are better than boys? It seems like girls have always been smarter than boys. Throughout the years girls have proven to excel with their brains. For example, a woman was the one to discover DNA instead of a boy. Girls are hard workers, mature individuals, and more aware than any boy has dreamed of being. Being hard working is just something most females are. They work hard to keep themselves organized. For example, my mom has always been the one to scold me for having an unorganizedRead MoreHow Your Child Acts Essay995 Words   |  4 Pagesembarrass or ashamed by their child, but only for the protection of their child. As we all know this world is not a safe place for people that are different. I think that parents are concerned when their girl acts like a tomboy, but they get really scared when their son starts doing what we traditionally consider girl stuff. A child should be raised to be whomever he or she chooses and the child shouldnt have to accept society, but society should accept the child for who they are. A parentsRead MoreThe Code Of Dress Code Busting1630 Words   |  7 Pagesthan the education of students. It should not be this way and some things need to be changed. Some people say dress code is causing girls to body shame themselves. It may not seem like it, but this is something that is having a very negative impact on girls. According to the article â€Å"Enforcing school dress codes teaches girls to be ashamed, not ‘modest’†, some parents and educators believe young women’s outfits-their bodies really- are too distracting for men to be expected to comfort themselves

Short Story Hat Winter - 1522 Words

hat winter, it felt like every time I saw my father, the sun cast off just a little more warmth than it had the day before. I don t remember a gray day whe I saw him. Once it had snowed the night before, and getting to his apartment to longer than normal, as the buses inched their way past snowbanks and awkwardly parked cars. But the sun made everything glisten, and the snow still had a pure look to it, which I knew would be gone by the following morning. I saw him Tuesdays. I d been seeing him Tuesdays for almost two years at that point. Before then, it had been Tuesdays and alternate weekends, but my life got busier, weekends got harder, and Dad didn t complain when we fell instead into a Tuesday evening ritual. Mom, who was still†¦show more content†¦Dad gets on a grin and a willingness to help. He s always there if you need him. Well, not always. He s unexpectedly there, like a warm day in January. He s a rescuer. I saw a woman stranded on a road, he d say. So I changed her tire for her. Or he took the box of kittens to the Humane Society, or he found the wallet with the ID intact, and returned it in person to its owner (and of course, turned down a reward). He helps blind people cross the street and lost people find their way. I go to bed and ask myself, Is the world a better place because I exist? he told me once. If I ve done one thing, no matter how small, that made the world a better place, I m satisfied. Of course no one ever got rich helping blind people cross the street. The world might be a better place, but child support cheks don t always show up on time, and I never did get that necklace made of stars. Both Mom and Dad see to it I know his limitations. All I can give you is dreams, Ashes, He said to me once. But one good dream is worth a thousand flashlight batteries. Ashes. I can still hear the fight. It was just a couple of months before the final breakup. I was in bed, allegedly asleep, when they went at it. Her name is Ashleigh! Mom shouted. A name you insisted on. So why do you call her Ashes? That s just my nickname for her, Dad replied. He was always harder to hear whe they fought. The angrier Mom got, the lower his voice dropped. For someShow MoreRelatedWinter Dreams And The Garden Party1225 Words   |  5 Pages Winter Dreams and The Garden Party I have chosen two short stories the first one being F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Winter Dreams and the second one being Katherine Mansfield’s The Garden Party. â€Å"Winter Dreams† was written in and published in 1922, and so was â€Å"The Garden Party†. â€Å"Winter Dreams† takes place during the winter months and we find the main character Dexter Green skiing on the golf course that he is a caddie for during the golf season. During the offseason, Dexter’s imagination becomesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Schubert 903 Words   |  4 Pages1792-1828, â€Å"made seminal contributions† in multiple areas of musical composition, but he â€Å"most especially† made contributions to the area of â€Å"German lied† (Winter). His distinctive style could be part in due to the fact that he was native to Vienna, unlike other â€Å"celebrated musicians of Vienna like Haydn, Mozart, [...] and Beethoven† (Winter). Throughout Schubert’s life, he showed prolific musical ability. At the mere age of seven, he auditioned and impressed Antonia Salieri, a notable composer,Read MoreEssay about Original Writing: Short Story927 Words   |  4 PagesOriginal Writing: Short Story The weather was not unusual this morning. London had just received her share of rain for the year. The sky hinted the existence of the sun but dark gray clouds seemed to quench even the hope of such a splendor. It is February, month of sweethearts, ice cold days, and even colder nights. The month that all of London hoped would come soon, for it would mark the soon end of winter, the end to hibernation, when boys could finally once againRead MoreSir Patrick Spens1359 Words   |  6 Pagesballad is a poem or song that tells a popular story in short stanzas. The poem records a disaster from the thirteenth century.. The poem on your course tells the story of a knight, Sir Patrick Spens, who goes to sea on a mission for the king. Sir Patrick has to fetch the daughter of the king of Norway and sail with her to Scotland. As Sir Patrick Spens has to complete his mission in winter, he has a sense of doom about it. The poem tells the story, without any comment from the author about theRead MoreThe University Police Department : An Highest Level Of Professional Law Enforcement1428 Words   |  6 Pagesresponse to political and other external pressures, rather than being guided by the mission of learning, knowledge creation and public service (Kezar, 2014). As with all organizations not everyone is going to agree on everything. The chief of police fell short to the pressure and suggested that the department stop making marijuana-related arrests and decrease the number of minority arrests. The lieutenant is opposed to the idea. â€Å"This goes against everything we stand for; we are committed to the ConstitutionRead MoreProtecting The Innocence By F. D. Salinger1434 Words   |  6 Pagescheese importer, Miriam was able to raise Salinger and his two older siblings in the fashionable apartment district of upper Manhattan (French). In 1934 Salinger attended Valley Forge Military academy, where he grasped literature and began writing short stories (French). In spite of later being drafted to be in the military during World War II, Salinger wrote numerous works which inspired the lives of countless Americans. Through his use of point of view, characterization, and symbolism, Salinger aimsRead MoreEveryday Use Analytical Essay973 Words   |   4 Pagesaddress how ignorant a person can be to his or her heritage in the short story â€Å"Everyday Use,† by Alice Walker. The author shows the way of living, of a family to display the reader the way heritage is forgotten and, or ignored. In this short story the author uses a mother, and two daughters, Dee and Maggie, to demonstrate how different the thoughts are between a family and how they honor their heritage. Maggie is used in the story to show the reader how heritage is still followed and respected inRead MoreMy Interpretation of the Chrysanthemums1527 Words   |  7 PagesChrysanthemums† is one of John Steinbeck’s popular short stories. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† represents inequality of gender, limitations, and feminism. The story is about a married woman living in the early 1900s who longs for a more exciting, meaningful existence. Elisa Allen is intelligent, accomplished, attractive, and ambitious. Yet she feels confined in her life and marriage. Steinbeck uses the world around Elisa to give the reader a comparison to her life. The story takes place in the Salinas Valley atRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Chrysanthemums 1532 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s short story â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† shows a time when women are controlled and restrained to a traditional lifestyle. It portrays a struggle for equality that is played out through the eyes of the third person narrator. In telling the story, the narrator depicts the story through speech, actions and appearances of the main character, Elisa. Her place in the story is that in a world of masculinity during the times of the Great Depression and a fight to keep a bit of her happinessRead MoreLove and Morality in the â€Å"the Lady with the Lapdog† by Anton Chekhov1656 Words   |  7 PagesAnton Chekhov Introduction The â€Å"Lady with the Lapdog,† is a story by a Russian author Anton Chekhov. It is a story that raises eyebrows and entices the mind as one reads through to understand the actions of the two main characters, Anna and Gurov. Their actions are looked down and unspeakable according to the Russian society. Chekhov has successfully managed to show how self-pleasure rise above everything in his short story. The short story revolves around love and morality as the two characters fall

Reflection on Non Violence Civil Rights Actions Free Essays

Martin Luther King preferred to achieve Civil Rights for African Americans through non-violent actions. He believed violence would only lead to more problems and conflicts as whites would want to find a way to get revenge for the problems caused by African Americans. Martin Luther King displays success through his non-violent action with the Montgomery Bus Boycott. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection on Non Violence Civil Rights Actions or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Montgomery Bus Boycott is a prime example of a non-violent boycott. Rosa Parks, a member of the NAACP, decides to not give up her seat to a white man when the bus runs out of seats. After violating the bus rules, Parks was arrested. As a result, the Montgomery Bus Boycott began. African Americans across Montgomery, Alabama, stopped using bus services in order to damage the business financially. According to the Article â€Å"Martin Luther King Jr. , Remembers the Montgomery Boycott,† Martin Luther King believed if the protest was done â€Å"courageously, and yet with dignity,† the â€Å"walls of segregation [would] finally [be] battered by the forces of justice. By boycotting the bus, the company lost a tremendous amount of money because it lost many of its customers. Eventually, as a result, the bus company had to desegregate the buses and begin seating in a â€Å"first-come, first-served† basis. This economic win by Martin Luther King showed that violence is not always needed to solve problems. Even in the Deep South, the â€Å"Cradle of Confederacy† can be transformed into â€Å"Montgomery, the cradle of freedom and justice† through nonviolent actions. Martin Luther King made an Economic change by sparking a boycott in Montgomery, Alabama. He began a change in the way Civil Rights were going to be achieved for African Americans. Instead of getting their equality through violence and possibly another civil war, African Americans damaged segregated businesses through boycotts making non-violent action more effective. How to cite Reflection on Non Violence Civil Rights Actions, Essay examples

Symposium on Computers and Informatics

Question: Discuss about the Symposium on Computers and Informatics. Answer: Introduction Virgin Australia Holdings Limited (VAH) established as Virgin Blue in the year 2000, which engaged in providing domestic as well as international network services from the main hub Brisbane Airport services. The VAH ltd. is segregated through different segments such as Virgin Australia, Virgin Samoa, Virgin Australia Regional Airlines and Tigerair Australia. Presently, it is considered to be a global brand, as the company is able to expand more than 300 companies along with 50,000 number of workforce across the world. The company deals in the financial service, transportation, travel, fitness, music, media and mobile. The VAH ltd. is also listed under the ASX (Australian Securities Exchange), whose main proprietors are Singapore Airlines, Air New Zealand, and Etihad Airways. In the year 2014, the Pacific Blue again integrated with the Virgin Australia (CAPA, 2016). The major competitor of VAH Ltd. includes Quanta Airline, which deals in providing quality air services within a less possible cost with the help of its subsidiaries including Jester. Apart from this, other competitors include Singapore Airlines Ltd and United Continental Holdings Ltd. The company majorly concentrates on the businessmen, corporate and foreigners from the USA as the potential customers of the company (CAPA, 2016). The study intends to determine the risk profile of the company along with the initiative implemented by the company to identify and mitigate the risks. To elaborate the possible risk associated with the company, the paper accordingly examines the financial performance and returns of the VAH Ltd. In addition, the time value of money, the funds sources such as equity and debt and dividend policy of the company are also determined in the paper. Risk Profile The risk profile enables to determine the ability of an organization to identify the risk factors, which help the company to alleviate these potential risks and threats. With the support of appropriate risk management, the company can reduce the probable risks, which in turn can enhance the effectiveness of the work process. It further ensures less financial loss and brings out the appropriate methods and techniques to identify the risk examine the consequence and implement appropriate measures. As per the risk profile of VAH Ltd, to manage the risk, the audit and risk management committee will need to have direct link with the employees and seek for the advice or feedback to perform the duties efficiently. Concerning the internal operation of the company, it is observed that the board committee of VAH Ltd has initiated the audit and risk management committee to concentrate on the safety and operational risk and to maintain the risk management system including financial, safety and security, commercial, operations of the group (Virgin Australia 2014). Since the company operates in the global market, VAH Ltd has to deal with a huge number of risks related to the national as well as international airline industry. In this regard, the most possible risk faced by the company includes rising cost of fuel. In addition to this, consistently increasing number of airports has also become a huge threat to VAH Ltd, as other companies have started to provide alternatives of transportation for the customers, thereby making the competition tougher. Besides, another risk to the company is regarded as the increasing cost for ensuring air traffic safety and landing, or transit fees that affects the fina ncial status of the company. Stating precisely, the company needs to maintain a particular level of service quality as per the current market trend to retain its potential customers, as other competitors aimed to attract the customers by providing better services within lower price range. Hence, by maintaining such trend the company might be unable to balance the cost and service, which on the other hand can affect its overall financial abilities as well. The government policies and changes in technologies can also affect the company to operate efficiently, as due to currency and liquidity risk, the company might fail to meet their financial obligations in the present competitive market situation (Virgin Australia 2014). Financial and Return Performance The financial performance is usually examined to measure the extent to which the objectives of companies are being accomplished, which also has a huge contribution in managing the financial risks that might be raised during the work process. In this contemporary market, the industry has experienced huge transformation within few years for which every company further needs to change its process as well. Evaluating the financial performance is helpful, which assists to obtain knowledge regarding the companys overall financial status as per the market condition within a given period of time as well as in determining the profitability and financial growth (1Drake Fabozzi, 2012). As per the report presented by The Financial Times Ltd (2016), it can be understood that VAH Ltd has been constantly going through loss due to fall in the net income of 135.47% despite having growth in the revenues. The main reason behind the loss is the increasing percentage of sales and administrative costs that accounted for 34.66% to 36.94% (The Financial Times Ltd, 2016). In addition, the company has a debt in total capital ratio of 76.95%, which is lower as compared to the last year. The records of the company show that the earnings per share has been declined by -134.77%, whereas the cash reserve has been increased by 9.27% and the total revenues incurred through the cash flow is 5.26% (The Financial Times Ltd, 2016). According to the financial performance of the VAH was $5,021.0 million, which has been increased by 5.7% in the financial year 2015. The EBIT of the company recorded as $210.6 million, which has also been increased by $144.7 million (Virgin Australia Group, 2016). Therefore, based on the financial performance of the company it can be asserted that the company is able to perform effectively. However, it still has a chance to improve the net income by maximizing the cash flows from operations (Virgin Australia Group, 2016). Application of Time Value of Money The time value of money determines the value of the currency in the present market, which shows the advantages of receiving money in the present day instead of in the future. It is mostly included while dealing with the investment analysis, loans and making the financial decisions as per the company requirements (2Drake Fabozzi, 2009). The time value of money can be applied from different prospective areas, which include capital budgeting, bond valuation and stock valuation, which are further segregated into two groups namely the present value and the future value. The present value determines the cash flow to be received in the future rather has more value in the present situation. However, the future value determines the investment of the present will be added in the future. In order to apply the time value of money, the company will require to have effective marketing strategies and with a better financially capable (2Drake Fabozzi, 2009). The VAH Ltd has taken initiatives for restructuring the provision and optimizing the fleet as well as to minimize the future cost. The company has also conducted hedging program, which helps in managing the adverse fluctuation of prices in assets. In the year 2014, the hedging program has enabled the company to accomplish efficient fuel and foreign exchange rate. Therefore, the result obtained was more favorable in comparison to the current market price. Concerning the present situation, the company still holds a strong position in terms of its case flow along with strong balance sheet and liquidity (Virgin Australia, 2014). Therefore, the VAH with its effective strategies and better financial performance still has possibility to expand its earning capacity in future (Virgin Australia, 2014). Sources of Finance: Equity and Debt The sources enable the company to raise its funds, which can be in the form of capital market, retained earnings and loans. In this regard, the company needs to be financially capable to gain high growth and profitability in the market along with the increasing competition. The maturity of the business also plays a crucial role in determining the appropriate funding sources, wherein retaining the tangible assets can help the company to attain the financing sources more easily rather than the intangible assets. The debt refers to burrowing of money, which is supposed to be paid within an expected time period by the company and the equity is considered as the investment made by the owners that do not have specific date of reimbursement (IVCC, 2009). The equity shares have significant role in order to meet the financial needs of the company. The objective of VAH is to produce quality products and services as well as manage the financial system effectively. The funds obtained through equity sources therefore enable the company to manage and fulfill their objectives, wherein it does not become mandatory for the company to pay the dividends. In case the companys financial conditions depend on the equity sources, it might burrow the debt from any other financial institutions as per the requirements (IVCC 2009). On the other hand, the company can also conduct its operations with the help of debt financing. The debt is an important source of fund in particular projects through which the company with efficient record of credit will be needed. To utilize the debt financing, the company should have sufficient cash for reimbursement of loan. The debt financing can be considered as total amount of the cash burrowed form the moneylender, which would be at the anticipated date of maturity at the fixed rate of interests. The debt can be in form of the sale of bonds or loans. In this case, the primary amount must be paid within the date of maturity. Considering the stated fact, the company alone is not liable to change the rule that is set for the transaction, where the lenders holds the right to lend the cash and can order to return the same (Turner Doty, 2007). VAH Ltd is an airline industry is a public company, which is recognized to be one of the leading companies. The sources of the company are generated through the Space and Air transport in Australian Industry. According to the report presented by Bloomberg (2016), VAH is continuously making negative returns on equity with a total debt of A$2.1 billion, which was recorded in the year ended 2015. The long-term debt of $1,572 million of VAH for three months was ended by June 2016, whereas the total equity for the quarter was $675 million and the debt to equity was $3.29 million at the end of June 2016. Therefore, it can be identified that the company is involved in financing for the business growth with debt and volatility in earnings (Freed, 2016). The VAH is able to secure loan facility of $425 AUD from its main shareholders including Etihad Airways, Singapore Airlines, Virgin Group and Air New Zealand. This loan facility will enable the company to strengthen the balance sheet along with short-term flexibility. However, VAH was taking more time in order to repay the unsecured loan facilities (Freed, 2016). According to the report, the in 2015, the company is able to make revenue including sales (CAPA, 2016). Based on the review of the capital structure, the company is able to maintain their balance sheet, thereby enhancing their cash flow and profitability. In order to improve the financial performances, the company emphasizes maximizing the earning capacity in the year 2016, wherein it is able to set a benchmark in the Australian market by expanding the market share, thereby providing the quality services to the air travelers to the expected level as well (Virgin Australia, 2015). The company has around four major shareholder s those are providing the sources of funding and secured loan facilities. Therefore, the effective capital structure of the company will be more helpful in maximizing the long- term growth as well as value for the shareholders (Virgin Australia, 2015). Risk and Return The financial concept is based on bearing the risk and yielding return. The risk and return are interrelated to each other in which shows that higher the risk involved than higher will be the return. The return can be calculated by reducing the amount of investment, which has been included in the final amount (Mc Graw Hill Australia 2011). In order to ensure the effectiveness of the capital structure and mitigate the associated risks, it has expanded the networks in the international market by collaborating with other companies including Singapore Airlines, Etihad and Delta Airlines. The company started a joint venture with the Tiger Airlines, which has enabled the company to gain competitive advantage in the market. The acquisition of the SkyWest also enabled the company to maintain its capital structures as well (CAPA, 2016). In order to retain the positive rate of return and maximize the wealth of VAH, the investors intend to purchase the financial asset, which is helpful to imple ment appropriate decisions regarding the financial investment (Virgin Australia, 2016). Analysis of Dividend Payout Policy The dividend or payout policy can be considered as the framework, which provides guidance to the company in implementing decisions regarding the amount earnings to be paid to the shareholders. The payout policy has a significant role in case of distribution of profit or any kind of dividend distribution policies. It helps the company in augmentation of the earnings, thereby encouraging the shareholders to make appropriate decisions for the growth of the company. In case, the investors do not prefer to follow the companys dividend policy, they can sell the parts of the equities in order to enhance the capital (CS Investing, 2016). The payout policy can be categorized into different forms, which includes surplus policy, fixed policy, steadily increasing policy, fixed payout rate and low normal dividend and extra dividend policy (Mei Xing, 2015). As per the report of Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd (2013), the company emphasizes to maintain the balances sheet. In this regard, the company has tried to compensate the debt and maintain the liquidity with limited borrowings. The VAH believes in reviewing the dividend policy rather than declaring extra dividend. According to the report presented by Murmann Cogin (2012), the company has stopped paying dividends after it has been listed under ASX at the end of 2014. Based on the stated information, it can therefore be affirmed that the dividend policy of the company mostly rely on the factors such as financial condition, financial requirements, financial agreements and earnings of the company. In addition to this, the VAH dividend policy is initiated or implemented based on the decision of directors of the company (Murmann Cogin, 2012). In the present market situation, VAH has not decided to declare the extra dividend to its shareholders unless they are able to repay the debt as of the year ended 2012. Initially, the company will focus on strengthening the balance, minimize the economic uncertainties, and support the future strategic plans and procedures. The payout policy will be reviewed only during certain circumstances such as requirement of cash. In order to compensate the debt, the company has further initiated the Game Change Program, which strengthens the capital structure of the company and intends to gain competitive advantages in the market. This program will enable the company to maintain the economic stability and attain the growth opportunities for the commercial aspects. With the help of the Game Change Program, the company has been able to maintain its financial and operating performances. In addition, along with the strategy of Game Change, the company aims to stabilize the stock price with the help of fixed payout policy as well as the information provided through the fixed payout policy help the investors to anticipate that if the future growth could remain stable or not (Mei Xing, 2015). From a different perspective, in order to retain sufficient profit, the companys profit growth rate has to be higher as compared to the dividend growth rate. Therefore, the steady increasing dividend policy enables the investors of VAH Ltd to obtain the information regarding the overall performance, thereby reducing the risk of business in the long run. On the other hand, the low normal dividend and extra dividend policy will also be adopted by VAH after repaying or stabilizing the financial ability of the company. Thus, it can be asserted that this dividend policy initiated by VAH will ensure the flexibility within the operations, thereby reducing the risks and solving the problems related to the payout policies (Mei Xing, 2015). Conclusions The study discusses about the financial concepts and principles concerning the operations and overall financial performance of VAH Ltd, which is recognized as the leading airline company in Australia. The company serves under both the national and international airline market. The company is specialized in offering quality services to its customers within lesser possible cost. The study emphasizes analyzing the financial performance of the company and the risk profile indicated certain possible risk factors due to which the company is not able to mitigate their financial obligations. Based on the overall financial performance of the company, it can be asserted that the possible risks associated with the company include changes in technologies and geographical such as bad weather and natural disasters, fluctuation in the currency value, increasing cost of fuel and increasing landing and transit fees. Concerning the return performance, it is also observed that the present financial pos ition of the company is comparatively down, as it has been experiencing continuous loss for a certain period of time due to fall in the net income and increase in the percentage of sales and administrative costs. Apart from this, the company is currently consuming excessive time for reimbursing the unsecured loan that was taken for maintaining the balance sheet, which implies negative consequences in the long run. Based on the debt to equity ratio of the company, it can be understood that the company is engaged in financing for business growth along with debt and volatility in earnings. Through the analysis of dividend policy of VAH Ltd, it is also observed that the company is not willing to declare a dividend unless they are able to repay the debt. In order to strengthen the balance sheet and make their business strategies more effective, the company has implemented the Game Change strategy, which is expected to provide positive outcome in this competitive era. References CAPA. (2016). Virgin Australia Holdings Limited. Retrieved September 21, 2016, from https://centreforaviation.com/profiles/airline-groups/virgin-australia-holdings-limited CS Investing. (2016). Paying out dividends or retaining the money. Introduction, 1-55. 1Drake, P.P Fabozzi, J. F. (2012). Analysis of financial statements. USA: John Wiley Sons. 2Drake, P.P Fabozzi, J. F. (2009). Foundations and applications of the time value of money. USA: John Wiley Sons. Freed, J. (2016). Virgin Australia gets $425m loan from airline shareholders. Retrieved September 21, 2016, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/aviation/virgin-australia-gets-425m-loan-from-airline-shareholders-20160320-gnmvcu.html Guru Focus. (2016). Virgin Australia Holdings Ltd (OTCPK:VBHLF) debt to equity. Retrieved September 21, 2016, from https://www.gurufocus.com/term/deb2equity/VBHLF/Debt-to-Equity/Virgin-Australia-Holdings-Ltd IVCC. (2009). A firms sources of financing. Chapter 12, 1-13. Mc Graw Hill Australia. (2011). Risk and return. Introduction, 1-40. Mei, X Wei, X. (2015). Analysis of dividend policy of listed company and its financial impacts. International Symposium on Computers Informatics, 1-7. Murmann, J. P Cogin, J. A. (2012). Changes at Virgin Airlines (Australia) 2000-2012. AGSM, 1-30. The Financial Times Ltd. (2016). Virgin Australia Holdings Ltd VAH: ASX. Retrieved September 21, 2016, from https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/financials?s=VAH:ASX Turner Doty. (2007). Energy management handbook. USA: The Fairmont Press, Inc. Virgin Australia. (2014). Virgin Australia Holdings Limited. Annual Financial Report, 3-144. Virgin Australia Group. (2016). Virgin Australia Holdings Limited (ASX: VAH) reports financial results for full year ended 30 June 2016. ASX Release, 1-10. Virgin Australia. (2015). Virgin Australia Holdings Limited (ASX: VAH) reports financial results for half year ended 31 December 2014. Retrieved September 21, 2016, from https://www.virginaustralia.com/nz/en/about-us/media/2015/VA-FINANCIALS-31DEC2014/